"""Utility functions for copying and archiving files and directory trees.
XXX The functions here don't copy the resource fork or other metadata on Mac.
"""
import os
import sys
import stat
import fnmatch
import collections
import errno
try:
import zlib
del zlib
_ZLIB_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_ZLIB_SUPPORTED = False
try:
import bz2
del bz2
_BZ2_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_BZ2_SUPPORTED = False
try:
import lzma
del lzma
_LZMA_SUPPORTED = True
except ImportError:
_LZMA_SUPPORTED = False
_WINDOWS = os.name == 'nt'
posix = nt = None
if os.name == 'posix':
import posix
elif _WINDOWS:
import nt
COPY_BUFSIZE = 1024 * 1024 if _WINDOWS else 64 * 1024
# This should never be removed, see rationale in:
# https://bugs.python.org/issue43743#msg393429
_USE_CP_SENDFILE = hasattr(os, "sendfile") and sys.platform.startswith("linux")
_HAS_FCOPYFILE = posix and hasattr(posix, "_fcopyfile") # macOS
# CMD defaults in Windows 10
_WIN_DEFAULT_PATHEXT = ".COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.JS;.WS;.MSC"
__all__ = ["copyfileobj", "copyfile", "copymode", "copystat", "copy", "copy2",
"copytree", "move", "rmtree", "Error", "SpecialFileError",
"ExecError", "make_archive", "get_archive_formats",
"register_archive_format", "unregister_archive_format",
"get_unpack_formats", "register_unpack_format",
"unregister_unpack_format", "unpack_archive",
"ignore_patterns", "chown", "which", "get_terminal_size",
"SameFileError"]
# disk_usage is added later, if available on the platform
class Error(OSError):
pass
class SameFileError(Error):
"""Raised when source and destination are the same file."""
class SpecialFileError(OSError):
"""Raised when trying to do a kind of operation (e.g. copying) which is
not supported on a special file (e.g. a named pipe)"""
class ExecError(OSError):
"""Raised when a command could not be executed"""
class ReadError(OSError):
"""Raised when an archive cannot be read"""
class RegistryError(Exception):
"""Raised when a registry operation with the archiving
and unpacking registries fails"""
class _GiveupOnFastCopy(Exception):
"""Raised as a signal to fallback on using raw read()/write()
file copy when fast-copy functions fail to do so.
"""
def _fastcopy_fcopyfile(fsrc, fdst, flags):
"""Copy a regular file content or metadata by using high-performance
fcopyfile(3) syscall (macOS).
"""
try:
infd = fsrc.fileno()
outfd = fdst.fileno()
except Exception as err:
raise _GiveupOnFastCopy(err) # not a regular file
try:
posix._fcopyfile(infd, outfd, flags)
except OSError as err:
err.filename = fsrc.name
err.filename2 = fdst.name
if err.errno in {errno.EINVAL, errno.ENOTSUP}:
raise _GiveupOnFastCopy(err)
else:
raise err from None
def _fastcopy_sendfile(fsrc, fdst):
"""Copy data from one regular mmap-like fd to another by using
high-performance sendfile(2) syscall.
This should work on Linux >= 2.6.33 only.
"""
# Note: copyfileobj() is left alone in order to not introduce any
# unexpected breakage. Possible risks by using zero-copy calls
# in copyfileobj() are:
# - fdst cannot be open in "a"(ppend) mode
# - fsrc and fdst may be open in "t"(ext) mode
# - fsrc may be a BufferedReader (which hides unread data in a buffer),
# GzipFile (which decompresses data), HTTPResponse (which decodes
# chunks).
# - possibly others (e.g. encrypted fs/partition?)
global _USE_CP_SENDFILE
try:
infd = fsrc.fileno()
outfd = fdst.fileno()
except Exception as err:
raise _GiveupOnFastCopy(err) # not a regular file
# Hopefully the whole file will be copied in a single call.
# sendfile() is called in a loop 'till EOF is reached (0 return)
# so a bufsize smaller or bigger than the actual file size
# should not make any difference, also in case the file content
# changes while being copied.
try:
blocksize = max(os.fstat(infd).st_size, 2 ** 23) # min 8MiB
except OSError:
blocksize = 2 ** 27 # 128MiB
# On 32-bit architectures truncate to 1GiB to avoid OverflowError,
# see bpo-38319.
if sys.maxsize < 2 ** 32:
blocksize = min(blocksize, 2 ** 30)
offset = 0
while True:
try:
sent = os.sendfile(outfd, infd, offset, blocksize)
except OSError as err:
# ...in oder to have a more informative exception.
err.filename = fsrc.name
err.filename2 = fdst.name
if err.errno == errno.ENOTSOCK:
# sendfile() on this platform (probably Linux < 2.6.33)
# does not support copies between regular files (only
# sockets).
_USE_CP_SENDFILE = False
raise _GiveupOnFastCopy(err)
if err.errno == errno.ENOSPC: # filesystem is full
raise err from None
# Give up on first call and if no data was copied.
if offset == 0 and os.lseek(outfd, 0, os.SEEK_CUR) == 0:
raise _GiveupOnFastCopy(err)
raise err
else:
if sent == 0:
break # EOF
offset += sent
def _copyfileobj_readinto(fsrc, fdst, length=COPY_BUFSIZE):
"""readinto()/memoryview() based variant of copyfileobj().
*fsrc* must support readinto() method and both files must be
open in binary mode.
"""
# Localize variable access to minimize overhead.
fsrc_readinto = fsrc.readinto
fdst_write = fdst.write
with memoryview(bytearray(length)) as mv:
while True:
n = fsrc_readinto(mv)
if not n:
break
elif n < length:
with mv[:n] as smv:
fdst.write(smv)
else:
fdst_write(mv)
def copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=0):
"""copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst"""
if not length:
length = COPY_BUFSIZE
# Localize variable access to minimize overhead.
fsrc_read = fsrc.read
fdst_write = fdst.write
while True:
buf = fsrc_read(length)
if not buf:
break
fdst_write(buf)
def _samefile(src, dst):
# Macintosh, Unix.
if isinstance(src, os.DirEntry) and hasattr(os.path, 'samestat'):
try:
return os.path.samestat(src.stat(), os.stat(dst))
except OSError:
return False
if hasattr(os.path, 'samefile'):
try:
return os.path.samefile(src, dst)
except OSError:
return False
# All other platforms: check for same pathname.
return (os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(src)) ==
os.path.normcase(os.path.abspath(dst)))
def _stat(fn):
return fn.stat() if isinstance(fn, os.DirEntry) else os.stat(fn)
def _islink(fn):
return fn.is_symlink() if isinstance(fn, os.DirEntry) else os.path.islink(fn)
def copyfile(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data from src to dst in the most efficient way possible.
If follow_symlinks is not set and src is a symbolic link, a new
symlink will be created instead of copying the file it points to.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.copyfile", src, dst)
if _samefile(src, dst):
raise SameFileError("{!r} and {!r} are the same file".format(src, dst))
file_size = 0
for i, fn in enumerate([src, dst]):
try:
st = _stat(fn)
except OSError:
# File most likely does not exist
pass
else:
# XXX What about other special files? (sockets, devices...)
if stat.S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode):
fn = fn.path if isinstance(fn, os.DirEntry) else fn
raise SpecialFileError("`%s` is a named pipe" % fn)
if _WINDOWS and i == 0:
file_size = st.st_size
if not follow_symlinks and _islink(src):
os.symlink(os.readlink(src), dst)
else:
with open(src, 'rb') as fsrc:
try:
with open(dst, 'wb') as fdst:
# macOS
if _HAS_FCOPYFILE:
try:
_fastcopy_fcopyfile(fsrc, fdst, posix._COPYFILE_DATA)
return dst
except _GiveupOnFastCopy:
pass
# Linux
elif _USE_CP_SENDFILE:
try:
_fastcopy_sendfile(fsrc, fdst)
return dst
except _GiveupOnFastCopy:
pass
# Windows, see:
# https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/7160#discussion_r195405230
elif _WINDOWS and file_size > 0:
_copyfileobj_readinto(fsrc, fdst, min(file_size, COPY_BUFSIZE))
return dst
copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst)
# Issue 43219, raise a less confusing exception
except IsADirectoryError as e:
if not os.path.exists(dst):
raise FileNotFoundError(f'Directory does not exist: {dst}') from e
else:
raise
return dst
def copymode(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy mode bits from src to dst.
If follow_symlinks is not set, symlinks aren't followed if and only
if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks. If `lchmod` isn't available
(e.g. Linux) this method does nothing.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.copymode", src, dst)
if not follow_symlinks and _islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst):
if hasattr(os, 'lchmod'):
stat_func, chmod_func = os.lstat, os.lchmod
else:
return
else:
stat_func, chmod_func = _stat, os.chmod
st = stat_func(src)
chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))
if hasattr(os, 'listxattr'):
def _copyxattr(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy extended filesystem attributes from `src` to `dst`.
Overwrite existing attributes.
If `follow_symlinks` is false, symlinks won't be followed.
"""
try:
names = os.listxattr(src, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in (errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA, errno.EINVAL):
raise
return
for name in names:
try:
value = os.getxattr(src, name, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
os.setxattr(dst, name, value, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno not in (errno.EPERM, errno.ENOTSUP, errno.ENODATA,
errno.EINVAL):
raise
else:
def _copyxattr(*args, **kwargs):
pass
def copystat(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy file metadata
Copy the permission bits, last access time, last modification time, and
flags from `src` to `dst`. On Linux, copystat() also copies the "extended
attributes" where possible. The file contents, owner, and group are
unaffected. `src` and `dst` are path-like objects or path names given as
strings.
If the optional flag `follow_symlinks` is not set, symlinks aren't
followed if and only if both `src` and `dst` are symlinks.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.copystat", src, dst)
def _nop(*args, ns=None, follow_symlinks=None):
pass
# follow symlinks (aka don't not follow symlinks)
follow = follow_symlinks or not (_islink(src) and os.path.islink(dst))
if follow:
# use the real function if it exists
def lookup(name):
return getattr(os, name, _nop)
else:
# use the real function only if it exists
# *and* it supports follow_symlinks
def lookup(name):
fn = getattr(os, name, _nop)
if fn in os.supports_follow_symlinks:
return fn
return _nop
if isinstance(src, os.DirEntry):
st = src.stat(follow_symlinks=follow)
else:
st = lookup("stat")(src, follow_symlinks=follow)
mode = stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)
lookup("utime")(dst, ns=(st.st_atime_ns, st.st_mtime_ns),
follow_symlinks=follow)
# We must copy extended attributes before the file is (potentially)
# chmod()'ed read-only, otherwise setxattr() will error with -EACCES.
_copyxattr(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow)
try:
lookup("chmod")(dst, mode, follow_symlinks=follow)
except NotImplementedError:
# if we got a NotImplementedError, it's because
# * follow_symlinks=False,
# * lchown() is unavailable, and
# * either
# * fchownat() is unavailable or
# * fchownat() doesn't implement AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW.
# (it returned ENOSUP.)
# therefore we're out of options--we simply cannot chown the
# symlink. give up, suppress the error.
# (which is what shutil always did in this circumstance.)
pass
if hasattr(st, 'st_flags'):
try:
lookup("chflags")(dst, st.st_flags, follow_symlinks=follow)
except OSError as why:
for err in 'EOPNOTSUPP', 'ENOTSUP':
if hasattr(errno, err) and why.errno == getattr(errno, err):
break
else:
raise
def copy(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst"). Return the file's destination.
The destination may be a directory.
If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst".
If source and destination are the same file, a SameFileError will be
raised.
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copymode(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst
def copy2(src, dst, *, follow_symlinks=True):
"""Copy data and metadata. Return the file's destination.
Metadata is copied with copystat(). Please see the copystat function
for more information.
The destination may be a directory.
If follow_symlinks is false, symlinks won't be followed. This
resembles GNU's "cp -P src dst".
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
copystat(src, dst, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
return dst
def ignore_patterns(*patterns):
"""Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.
Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
that are used to exclude files"""
def _ignore_patterns(path, names):
ignored_names = []
for pattern in patterns:
ignored_names.extend(fnmatch.filter(names, pattern))
return set(ignored_names)
return _ignore_patterns
def _copytree(entries, src, dst, symlinks, ignore, copy_function,
ignore_dangling_symlinks, dirs_exist_ok=False):
if ignore is not None:
ignored_names = ignore(os.fspath(src), [x.name for x in entries])
else:
ignored_names = set()
os.makedirs(dst, exist_ok=dirs_exist_ok)
errors = []
use_srcentry = copy_function is copy2 or copy_function is copy
for srcentry in entries:
if srcentry.name in ignored_names:
continue
srcname = os.path.join(src, srcentry.name)
dstname = os.path.join(dst, srcentry.name)
srcobj = srcentry if use_srcentry else srcname
try:
is_symlink = srcentry.is_symlink()
if is_symlink and os.name == 'nt':
# Special check for directory junctions, which appear as
# symlinks but we want to recurse.
lstat = srcentry.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
if lstat.st_reparse_tag == stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
is_symlink = False
if is_symlink:
linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
if symlinks:
# We can't just leave it to `copy_function` because legacy
# code with a custom `copy_function` may rely on copytree
# doing the right thing.
os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
copystat(srcobj, dstname, follow_symlinks=not symlinks)
else:
# ignore dangling symlink if the flag is on
if not os.path.exists(linkto) and ignore_dangling_symlinks:
continue
# otherwise let the copy occur. copy2 will raise an error
if srcentry.is_dir():
copytree(srcobj, dstname, symlinks, ignore,
copy_function, ignore_dangling_symlinks,
dirs_exist_ok)
else:
copy_function(srcobj, dstname)
elif srcentry.is_dir():
copytree(srcobj, dstname, symlinks, ignore, copy_function,
ignore_dangling_symlinks, dirs_exist_ok)
else:
# Will raise a SpecialFileError for unsupported file types
copy_function(srcobj, dstname)
# catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
# continue with other files
except Error as err:
errors.extend(err.args[0])
except OSError as why:
errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
try:
copystat(src, dst)
except OSError as why:
# Copying file access times may fail on Windows
if getattr(why, 'winerror', None) is None:
errors.append((src, dst, str(why)))
if errors:
raise Error(errors)
return dst
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None, copy_function=copy2,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=False, dirs_exist_ok=False):
"""Recursively copy a directory tree and return the destination directory.
If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.
If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the
source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if
it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
links are copied. If the file pointed by the symlink doesn't
exist, an exception will be added in the list of errors raised in
an Error exception at the end of the copy process.
You can set the optional ignore_dangling_symlinks flag to true if you
want to silence this exception. Notice that this has no effect on
platforms that don't support os.symlink.
The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it
is called with the `src` parameter, which is the directory
being visited by copytree(), and `names` which is the list of
`src` contents, as returned by os.listdir():
callable(src, names) -> ignored_names
Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be
called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a
list of names relative to the `src` directory that should
not be copied.
The optional copy_function argument is a callable that will be used
to copy each file. It will be called with the source path and the
destination path as arguments. By default, copy2() is used, but any
function that supports the same signature (like copy()) can be used.
If dirs_exist_ok is false (the default) and `dst` already exists, a
`FileExistsError` is raised. If `dirs_exist_ok` is true, the copying
operation will continue if it encounters existing directories, and files
within the `dst` tree will be overwritten by corresponding files from the
`src` tree.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.copytree", src, dst)
with os.scandir(src) as itr:
entries = list(itr)
return _copytree(entries=entries, src=src, dst=dst, symlinks=symlinks,
ignore=ignore, copy_function=copy_function,
ignore_dangling_symlinks=ignore_dangling_symlinks,
dirs_exist_ok=dirs_exist_ok)
if hasattr(os.stat_result, 'st_file_attributes'):
# Special handling for directory junctions to make them behave like
# symlinks for shutil.rmtree, since in general they do not appear as
# regular links.
def _rmtree_isdir(entry):
try:
st = entry.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
return (stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) and not
(st.st_file_attributes & stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
and st.st_reparse_tag == stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT))
except OSError:
return False
def _rmtree_islink(path):
try:
st = os.lstat(path)
return (stat.S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) or
(st.st_file_attributes & stat.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT
and st.st_reparse_tag == stat.IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT))
except OSError:
return False
else:
def _rmtree_isdir(entry):
try:
return entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False)
except OSError:
return False
def _rmtree_islink(path):
return os.path.islink(path)
# version vulnerable to race conditions
def _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror):
try:
with os.scandir(path) as scandir_it:
entries = list(scandir_it)
except OSError:
onerror(os.scandir, path, sys.exc_info())
entries = []
for entry in entries:
fullname = entry.path
if _rmtree_isdir(entry):
try:
if entry.is_symlink():
# This can only happen if someone replaces
# a directory with a symlink after the call to
# os.scandir or entry.is_dir above.
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
continue
_rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
else:
try:
os.unlink(fullname)
except OSError:
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
try:
os.rmdir(path)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
# Version using fd-based APIs to protect against races
def _rmtree_safe_fd(topfd, path, onerror):
try:
with os.scandir(topfd) as scandir_it:
entries = list(scandir_it)
except OSError as err:
err.filename = path
onerror(os.scandir, path, sys.exc_info())
return
for entry in entries:
fullname = os.path.join(path, entry.name)
try:
is_dir = entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False)
except OSError:
is_dir = False
else:
if is_dir:
try:
orig_st = entry.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
is_dir = stat.S_ISDIR(orig_st.st_mode)
except OSError:
onerror(os.lstat, fullname, sys.exc_info())
continue
if is_dir:
try:
dirfd = os.open(entry.name, os.O_RDONLY, dir_fd=topfd)
dirfd_closed = False
except OSError:
onerror(os.open, fullname, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(dirfd)):
_rmtree_safe_fd(dirfd, fullname, onerror)
try:
os.close(dirfd)
dirfd_closed = True
os.rmdir(entry.name, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, fullname, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
# This can only happen if someone replaces
# a directory with a symlink after the call to
# os.scandir or stat.S_ISDIR above.
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic "
"link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
finally:
if not dirfd_closed:
os.close(dirfd)
else:
try:
os.unlink(entry.name, dir_fd=topfd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
_use_fd_functions = ({os.open, os.stat, os.unlink, os.rmdir} <=
os.supports_dir_fd and
os.scandir in os.supports_fd and
os.stat in os.supports_follow_symlinks)
def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None, *, dir_fd=None):
"""Recursively delete a directory tree.
If dir_fd is not None, it should be a file descriptor open to a directory;
path will then be relative to that directory.
dir_fd may not be implemented on your platform.
If it is unavailable, using it will raise a NotImplementedError.
If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror
is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func,
path, exc_info) where func is platform and implementation dependent;
path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and
exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors
is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.rmtree", path, dir_fd)
if ignore_errors:
def onerror(*args):
pass
elif onerror is None:
def onerror(*args):
raise
if _use_fd_functions:
# While the unsafe rmtree works fine on bytes, the fd based does not.
if isinstance(path, bytes):
path = os.fsdecode(path)
# Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard
# lstat()/open()/fstat() trick.
try:
orig_st = os.lstat(path, dir_fd=dir_fd)
except Exception:
onerror(os.lstat, path, sys.exc_info())
return
try:
fd = os.open(path, os.O_RDONLY, dir_fd=dir_fd)
fd_closed = False
except Exception:
onerror(os.open, path, sys.exc_info())
return
try:
if os.path.samestat(orig_st, os.fstat(fd)):
_rmtree_safe_fd(fd, path, onerror)
try:
os.close(fd)
fd_closed = True
os.rmdir(path, dir_fd=dir_fd)
except OSError:
onerror(os.rmdir, path, sys.exc_info())
else:
try:
# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
finally:
if not fd_closed:
os.close(fd)
else:
if dir_fd is not None:
raise NotImplementedError("dir_fd unavailable on this platform")
try:
if _rmtree_islink(path):
# symlinks to directories are forbidden, see bug #1669
raise OSError("Cannot call rmtree on a symbolic link")
except OSError:
onerror(os.path.islink, path, sys.exc_info())
# can't continue even if onerror hook returns
return
return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
# Allow introspection of whether or not the hardening against symlink
# attacks is supported on the current platform
rmtree.avoids_symlink_attacks = _use_fd_functions
def _basename(path):
"""A basename() variant which first strips the trailing slash, if present.
Thus we always get the last component of the path, even for directories.
path: Union[PathLike, str]
e.g.
>>> os.path.basename('/bar/foo')
'foo'
>>> os.path.basename('/bar/foo/')
''
>>> _basename('/bar/foo/')
'foo'
"""
path = os.fspath(path)
sep = os.path.sep + (os.path.altsep or '')
return os.path.basename(path.rstrip(sep))
def move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2):
"""Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
destination.
If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
exist.
If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.
If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
filesystem renames.
The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
signature (like copy()) can be used.
A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
the issues this implementation glosses over.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.move", src, dst)
real_dst = dst
if os.path.isdir(dst):
if _samefile(src, dst):
# We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,
# perform the rename anyway.
os.rename(src, dst)
return
# Using _basename instead of os.path.basename is important, as we must
# ignore any trailing slash to avoid the basename returning ''
real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
if os.path.exists(real_dst):
raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst)
try:
os.rename(src, real_dst)
except OSError:
if os.path.islink(src):
linkto = os.readlink(src)
os.symlink(linkto, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
elif os.path.isdir(src):
if _destinsrc(src, dst):
raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself"
" '%s'." % (src, dst))
if (_is_immutable(src)
or (not os.access(src, os.W_OK) and os.listdir(src)
and sys.platform == 'darwin')):
raise PermissionError("Cannot move the non-empty directory "
"'%s': Lacking write permission to '%s'."
% (src, src))
copytree(src, real_dst, copy_function=copy_function,
symlinks=True)
rmtree(src)
else:
copy_function(src, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
return real_dst
def _destinsrc(src, dst):
src = os.path.abspath(src)
dst = os.path.abspath(dst)
if not src.endswith(os.path.sep):
src += os.path.sep
if not dst.endswith(os.path.sep):
dst += os.path.sep
return dst.startswith(src)
def _is_immutable(src):
st = _stat(src)
immutable_states = [stat.UF_IMMUTABLE, stat.SF_IMMUTABLE]
return hasattr(st, 'st_flags') and st.st_flags in immutable_states
def _get_gid(name):
"""Returns a gid, given a group name."""
if name is None:
return None
try:
from grp import getgrnam
except ImportError:
return None
try:
result = getgrnam(name)
except KeyError:
result = None
if result is not None:
return result[2]
return None
def _get_uid(name):
"""Returns an uid, given a user name."""
if name is None:
return None
try:
from pwd import getpwnam
except ImportError:
return None
try:
result = getpwnam(name)
except KeyError:
result = None
if result is not None:
return result[2]
return None
def _make_tarball(base_name, base_dir, compress="gzip", verbose=0, dry_run=0,
owner=None, group=None, logger=None, root_dir=None):
"""Create a (possibly compressed) tar file from all the files under
'base_dir'.
'compress' must be "gzip" (the default), "bzip2", "xz", or None.
'owner' and 'group' can be used to define an owner and a group for the
archive that is being built. If not provided, the current owner and group
will be used.
The output tar file will be named 'base_name' + ".tar", possibly plus
the appropriate compression extension (".gz", ".bz2", or ".xz").
Returns the output filename.
"""
if compress is None:
tar_compression = ''
elif _ZLIB_SUPPORTED and compress == 'gzip':
tar_compression = 'gz'
elif _BZ2_SUPPORTED and compress == 'bzip2':
tar_compression = 'bz2'
elif _LZMA_SUPPORTED and compress == 'xz':
tar_compression = 'xz'
else:
raise ValueError("bad value for 'compress', or compression format not "
"supported : {0}".format(compress))
import tarfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
compress_ext = '.' + tar_compression if compress else ''
archive_name = base_name + '.tar' + compress_ext
archive_dir = os.path.dirname(archive_name)
if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir):
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir)
if not dry_run:
os.makedirs(archive_dir)
# creating the tarball
if logger is not None:
logger.info('Creating tar archive')
uid = _get_uid(owner)
gid = _get_gid(group)
def _set_uid_gid(tarinfo):
if gid is not None:
tarinfo.gid = gid
tarinfo.gname = group
if uid is not None:
tarinfo.uid = uid
tarinfo.uname = owner
return tarinfo
if not dry_run:
tar = tarfile.open(archive_name, 'w|%s' % tar_compression)
arcname = base_dir
if root_dir is not None:
base_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, base_dir)
try:
tar.add(base_dir, arcname, filter=_set_uid_gid)
finally:
tar.close()
if root_dir is not None:
archive_name = os.path.abspath(archive_name)
return archive_name
def _make_zipfile(base_name, base_dir, verbose=0, dry_run=0,
logger=None, owner=None, group=None, root_dir=None):
"""Create a zip file from all the files under 'base_dir'.
The output zip file will be named 'base_name' + ".zip". Returns the
name of the output zip file.
"""
import zipfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
zip_filename = base_name + ".zip"
archive_dir = os.path.dirname(base_name)
if archive_dir and not os.path.exists(archive_dir):
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating %s", archive_dir)
if not dry_run:
os.makedirs(archive_dir)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("creating '%s' and adding '%s' to it",
zip_filename, base_dir)
if not dry_run:
with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, "w",
compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
arcname = os.path.normpath(base_dir)
if root_dir is not None:
base_dir = os.path.join(root_dir, base_dir)
base_dir = os.path.normpath(base_dir)
if arcname != os.curdir:
zf.write(base_dir, arcname)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", base_dir)
for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(base_dir):
arcdirpath = dirpath
if root_dir is not None:
arcdirpath = os.path.relpath(arcdirpath, root_dir)
arcdirpath = os.path.normpath(arcdirpath)
for name in sorted(dirnames):
path = os.path.join(dirpath, name)
arcname = os.path.join(arcdirpath, name)
zf.write(path, arcname)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
for name in filenames:
path = os.path.join(dirpath, name)
path = os.path.normpath(path)
if os.path.isfile(path):
arcname = os.path.join(arcdirpath, name)
zf.write(path, arcname)
if logger is not None:
logger.info("adding '%s'", path)
if root_dir is not None:
zip_filename = os.path.abspath(zip_filename)
return zip_filename
# Maps the name of the archive format to a tuple containing:
# * the archiving function
# * extra keyword arguments
# * description
# * does it support the root_dir argument?
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS = {
'tar': (_make_tarball, [('compress', None)],
"uncompressed tar file", True),
}
if _ZLIB_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['gztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'gzip')],
"gzip'ed tar-file", True)
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['zip'] = (_make_zipfile, [], "ZIP file", True)
if _BZ2_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['bztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'bzip2')],
"bzip2'ed tar-file", True)
if _LZMA_SUPPORTED:
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS['xztar'] = (_make_tarball, [('compress', 'xz')],
"xz'ed tar-file", True)
def get_archive_formats():
"""Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving.
Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description)
"""
formats = [(name, registry[2]) for name, registry in
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS.items()]
formats.sort()
return formats
def register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description=''):
"""Registers an archive format.
name is the name of the format. function is the callable that will be
used to create archives. If provided, extra_args is a sequence of
(name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable.
description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
by the get_archive_formats() function.
"""
if extra_args is None:
extra_args = []
if not callable(function):
raise TypeError('The %s object is not callable' % function)
if not isinstance(extra_args, (tuple, list)):
raise TypeError('extra_args needs to be a sequence')
for element in extra_args:
if not isinstance(element, (tuple, list)) or len(element) !=2:
raise TypeError('extra_args elements are : (arg_name, value)')
_ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name] = (function, extra_args, description, False)
def unregister_archive_format(name):
del _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[name]
def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0,
dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar).
'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific
extension; 'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar",
"bztar", or "xztar". Or any other registered format.
'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the
archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the
archive. 'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from;
ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and
directories in the archive. 'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default
to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file.
'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default,
uses the current owner and group.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.make_archive", base_name, format, root_dir, base_dir)
try:
format_info = _ARCHIVE_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("unknown archive format '%s'" % format) from None
kwargs = {'dry_run': dry_run, 'logger': logger,
'owner': owner, 'group': group}
func = format_info[0]
for arg, val in format_info[1]:
kwargs[arg] = val
if base_dir is None:
base_dir = os.curdir
support_root_dir = format_info[3]
save_cwd = None
if root_dir is not None:
if support_root_dir:
# Support path-like base_name here for backwards-compatibility.
base_name = os.fspath(base_name)
kwargs['root_dir'] = root_dir
else:
save_cwd = os.getcwd()
if logger is not None:
logger.debug("changing into '%s'", root_dir)
base_name = os.path.abspath(base_name)
if not dry_run:
os.chdir(root_dir)
try:
filename = func(base_name, base_dir, **kwargs)
finally:
if save_cwd is not None:
if logger is not None:
logger.debug("changing back to '%s'", save_cwd)
os.chdir(save_cwd)
return filename
def get_unpack_formats():
"""Returns a list of supported formats for unpacking.
Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple
(name, extensions, description)
"""
formats = [(name, info[0], info[3]) for name, info in
_UNPACK_FORMATS.items()]
formats.sort()
return formats
def _check_unpack_options(extensions, function, extra_args):
"""Checks what gets registered as an unpacker."""
# first make sure no other unpacker is registered for this extension
existing_extensions = {}
for name, info in _UNPACK_FORMATS.items():
for ext in info[0]:
existing_extensions[ext] = name
for extension in extensions:
if extension in existing_extensions:
msg = '%s is already registered for "%s"'
raise RegistryError(msg % (extension,
existing_extensions[extension]))
if not callable(function):
raise TypeError('The registered function must be a callable')
def register_unpack_format(name, extensions, function, extra_args=None,
description=''):
"""Registers an unpack format.
`name` is the name of the format. `extensions` is a list of extensions
corresponding to the format.
`function` is the callable that will be
used to unpack archives. The callable will receive archives to unpack.
If it's unable to handle an archive, it needs to raise a ReadError
exception.
If provided, `extra_args` is a sequence of
(name, value) tuples that will be passed as arguments to the callable.
description can be provided to describe the format, and will be returned
by the get_unpack_formats() function.
"""
if extra_args is None:
extra_args = []
_check_unpack_options(extensions, function, extra_args)
_UNPACK_FORMATS[name] = extensions, function, extra_args, description
def unregister_unpack_format(name):
"""Removes the pack format from the registry."""
del _UNPACK_FORMATS[name]
def _ensure_directory(path):
"""Ensure that the parent directory of `path` exists"""
dirname = os.path.dirname(path)
if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
os.makedirs(dirname)
def _unpack_zipfile(filename, extract_dir):
"""Unpack zip `filename` to `extract_dir`
"""
import zipfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
if not zipfile.is_zipfile(filename):
raise ReadError("%s is not a zip file" % filename)
zip = zipfile.ZipFile(filename)
try:
for info in zip.infolist():
name = info.filename
# don't extract absolute paths or ones with .. in them
if name.startswith('/') or '..' in name:
continue
targetpath = os.path.join(extract_dir, *name.split('/'))
if not targetpath:
continue
_ensure_directory(targetpath)
if not name.endswith('/'):
# file
with zip.open(name, 'r') as source, \
open(targetpath, 'wb') as target:
copyfileobj(source, target)
finally:
zip.close()
def _unpack_tarfile(filename, extract_dir, *, filter=None):
"""Unpack tar/tar.gz/tar.bz2/tar.xz `filename` to `extract_dir`
"""
import tarfile # late import for breaking circular dependency
try:
tarobj = tarfile.open(filename)
except tarfile.TarError:
raise ReadError(
"%s is not a compressed or uncompressed tar file" % filename)
try:
tarobj.extractall(extract_dir, filter=filter)
finally:
tarobj.close()
# Maps the name of the unpack format to a tuple containing:
# * extensions
# * the unpacking function
# * extra keyword arguments
# * description
_UNPACK_FORMATS = {
'tar': (['.tar'], _unpack_tarfile, [], "uncompressed tar file"),
'zip': (['.zip'], _unpack_zipfile, [], "ZIP file"),
}
if _ZLIB_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['gztar'] = (['.tar.gz', '.tgz'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"gzip'ed tar-file")
if _BZ2_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['bztar'] = (['.tar.bz2', '.tbz2'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"bzip2'ed tar-file")
if _LZMA_SUPPORTED:
_UNPACK_FORMATS['xztar'] = (['.tar.xz', '.txz'], _unpack_tarfile, [],
"xz'ed tar-file")
def _find_unpack_format(filename):
for name, info in _UNPACK_FORMATS.items():
for extension in info[0]:
if filename.endswith(extension):
return name
return None
def unpack_archive(filename, extract_dir=None, format=None, *, filter=None):
"""Unpack an archive.
`filename` is the name of the archive.
`extract_dir` is the name of the target directory, where the archive
is unpacked. If not provided, the current working directory is used.
`format` is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "gztar", "bztar",
or "xztar". Or any other registered format. If not provided,
unpack_archive will use the filename extension and see if an unpacker
was registered for that extension.
In case none is found, a ValueError is raised.
If `filter` is given, it is passed to the underlying
extraction function.
"""
sys.audit("shutil.unpack_archive", filename, extract_dir, format)
if extract_dir is None:
extract_dir = os.getcwd()
extract_dir = os.fspath(extract_dir)
filename = os.fspath(filename)
if filter is None:
filter_kwargs = {}
else:
filter_kwargs = {'filter': filter}
if format is not None:
try:
format_info = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError("Unknown unpack format '{0}'".format(format)) from None
func = format_info[1]
func(filename, extract_dir, **dict(format_info[2]), **filter_kwargs)
else:
# we need to look at the registered unpackers supported extensions
format = _find_unpack_format(filename)
if format is None:
raise ReadError("Unknown archive format '{0}'".format(filename))
func = _UNPACK_FORMATS[format][1]
kwargs = dict(_UNPACK_FORMATS[format][2]) | filter_kwargs
func(filename, extract_dir, **kwargs)
if hasattr(os, 'statvfs'):
__all__.append('disk_usage')
_ntuple_diskusage = collections.namedtuple('usage', 'total used free')
_ntuple_diskusage.total.__doc__ = 'Total space in bytes'
_ntuple_diskusage.used.__doc__ = 'Used space in bytes'
_ntuple_diskusage.free.__doc__ = 'Free space in bytes'
def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path.
Returned value is a named tuple with attributes 'total', 'used' and
'free', which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
st = os.statvfs(path)
free = st.f_bavail * st.f_frsize
total = st.f_blocks * st.f_frsize
used = (st.f_blocks - st.f_bfree) * st.f_frsize
return _ntuple_diskusage(total, used, free)
elif _WINDOWS:
__all__.append('disk_usage')
_ntuple_diskusage = collections.namedtuple('usage', 'total used free')
def disk_usage(path):
"""Return disk usage statistics about the given path.
Returned values is a named tuple with attributes 'total', 'used' and
'free', which are the amount of total, used and free space, in bytes.
"""
total, free = nt._getdiskusage(path)
used = total - free
return _ntuple_diskusage(total, used, free)
def chown(path, user=None, group=None):
"""Change owner user and group of the given path.
user and group can be the uid/gid or the user/group names, and in that case,
they are converted to their respective uid/gid.
"""
sys.audit('shutil.chown', path, user, group)
if user is None and group is None:
raise ValueError("user and/or group must be set")
_user = user
_group = group
# -1 means don't change it
if user is None:
_user = -1
# user can either be an int (the uid) or a string (the system username)
elif isinstance(user, str):
_user = _get_uid(user)
if _user is None:
raise LookupError("no such user: {!r}".format(user))
if group is None:
_group = -1
elif not isinstance(group, int):
_group = _get_gid(group)
if _group is None:
raise LookupError("no such group: {!r}".format(group))
os.chown(path, _user, _group)
def get_terminal_size(fallback=(80, 24)):
"""Get the size of the terminal window.
For each of the two dimensions, the environment variable, COLUMNS
and LINES respectively, is checked. If the variable is defined and
the value is a positive integer, it is used.
When COLUMNS or LINES is not defined, which is the common case,
the terminal connected to sys.__stdout__ is queried
by invoking os.get_terminal_size.
If the terminal size cannot be successfully queried, either because
the system doesn't support querying, or because we are not
connected to a terminal, the value given in fallback parameter
is used. Fallback defaults to (80, 24) which is the default
size used by many terminal emulators.
The value returned is a named tuple of type os.terminal_size.
"""
# columns, lines are the working values
try:
columns = int(os.environ['COLUMNS'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
columns = 0
try:
lines = int(os.environ['LINES'])
except (KeyError, ValueError):
lines = 0
# only query if necessary
if columns <= 0 or lines <= 0:
try:
size = os.get_terminal_size(sys.__stdout__.fileno())
except (AttributeError, ValueError, OSError):
# stdout is None, closed, detached, or not a terminal, or
# os.get_terminal_size() is unsupported
size = os.terminal_size(fallback)
if columns <= 0:
columns = size.columns or fallback[0]
if lines <= 0:
lines = size.lines or fallback[1]
return os.terminal_size((columns, lines))
# Check that a given file can be accessed with the correct mode.
# Additionally check that `file` is not a directory, as on Windows
# directories pass the os.access check.
def _access_check(fn, mode):
return (os.path.exists(fn) and os.access(fn, mode)
and not os.path.isdir(fn))
def which(cmd, mode=os.F_OK | os.X_OK, path=None):
"""Given a command, mode, and a PATH string, return the path which
conforms to the given mode on the PATH, or None if there is no such
file.
`mode` defaults to os.F_OK | os.X_OK. `path` defaults to the result
of os.environ.get("PATH"), or can be overridden with a custom search
path.
"""
# If we're given a path with a directory part, look it up directly rather
# than referring to PATH directories. This includes checking relative to the
# current directory, e.g. ./script
if os.path.dirname(cmd):
if _access_check(cmd, mode):
return cmd
return None
use_bytes = isinstance(cmd, bytes)
if path is None:
path = os.environ.get("PATH", None)
if path is None:
try:
path = os.confstr("CS_PATH")
except (AttributeError, ValueError):
# os.confstr() or CS_PATH is not available
path = os.defpath
# bpo-35755: Don't use os.defpath if the PATH environment variable is
# set to an empty string
# PATH='' doesn't match, whereas PATH=':' looks in the current directory
if not path:
return None
if use_bytes:
path = os.fsencode(path)
path = path.split(os.fsencode(os.pathsep))
else:
path = os.fsdecode(path)
path = path.split(os.pathsep)
if sys.platform == "win32":
# The current directory takes precedence on Windows.
curdir = os.curdir
if use_bytes:
curdir = os.fsencode(curdir)
if curdir not in path:
path.insert(0, curdir)
# PATHEXT is necessary to check on Windows.
pathext_source = os.getenv("PATHEXT") or _WIN_DEFAULT_PATHEXT
pathext = [ext for ext in pathext_source.split(os.pathsep) if ext]
if use_bytes:
pathext = [os.fsencode(ext) for ext in pathext]
# See if the given file matches any of the expected path extensions.
# This will allow us to short circuit when given "python.exe".
# If it does match, only test that one, otherwise we have to try
# others.
if any(cmd.lower().endswith(ext.lower()) for ext in pathext):
files = [cmd]
else:
files = [cmd + ext for ext in pathext]
else:
# On other platforms you don't have things like PATHEXT to tell you
# what file suffixes are executable, so just pass on cmd as-is.
files = [cmd]
seen = set()
for dir in path:
normdir = os.path.normcase(dir)
if not normdir in seen:
seen.add(normdir)
for thefile in files:
name = os.path.join(dir, thefile)
if _access_check(name, mode):
return name
return None