| 172 | 172 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 173 | 173 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 174 | 174 |
"source": [
|
| 175 | |
"print (add(2, 3))\n",
|
| 176 | |
"print (add('foo', 'bar'))"
|
|
175 |
"print(add(2, 3))\n",
|
|
176 |
"print(add('foo', 'bar'))"
|
| 177 | 177 |
]
|
| 178 | 178 |
},
|
| 179 | 179 |
{
|
|
| 189 | 189 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 190 | 190 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 191 | 191 |
"source": [
|
| 192 | |
"print (add(2, \"foo\"))"
|
|
192 |
"print(add(2, \"foo\"))"
|
| 193 | 193 |
]
|
| 194 | 194 |
},
|
| 195 | 195 |
{
|
|
| 221 | 221 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 222 | 222 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 223 | 223 |
"source": [
|
| 224 | |
"print (add(x=2, y=3))\n",
|
| 225 | |
"print (add(y=\"foo\", x=\"bar\"))"
|
|
224 |
"print(add(x=2, y=3))\n",
|
|
225 |
"print(add(y=\"foo\", x=\"bar\"))"
|
| 226 | 226 |
]
|
| 227 | 227 |
},
|
| 228 | 228 |
{
|
|
| 238 | 238 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 239 | 239 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 240 | 240 |
"source": [
|
| 241 | |
"print (add(2, y=3))"
|
|
241 |
"print(add(2, y=3))"
|
| 242 | 242 |
]
|
| 243 | 243 |
},
|
| 244 | 244 |
{
|
|
| 273 | 273 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 274 | 274 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 275 | 275 |
"source": [
|
| 276 | |
"print (quad(2.0))"
|
|
276 |
"print(quad(2.0))"
|
| 277 | 277 |
]
|
| 278 | 278 |
},
|
| 279 | 279 |
{
|
|
| 289 | 289 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 290 | 290 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 291 | 291 |
"source": [
|
| 292 | |
"print (quad(2.0, b=3))"
|
| 293 | |
]
|
| 294 | |
},
|
| 295 | |
{
|
| 296 | |
"cell_type": "code",
|
| 297 | |
"execution_count": null,
|
| 298 | |
"metadata": {},
|
| 299 | |
"outputs": [],
|
| 300 | |
"source": [
|
| 301 | |
"print (quad(2.0, 2, c=4))"
|
|
292 |
"print(quad(2.0, b=3))"
|
|
293 |
]
|
|
294 |
},
|
|
295 |
{
|
|
296 |
"cell_type": "code",
|
|
297 |
"execution_count": null,
|
|
298 |
"metadata": {},
|
|
299 |
"outputs": [],
|
|
300 |
"source": [
|
|
301 |
"print(quad(2.0, 2, c=4))"
|
| 302 | 302 |
]
|
| 303 | 303 |
},
|
| 304 | 304 |
{
|
|
| 316 | 316 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 317 | 317 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 318 | 318 |
"source": [
|
| 319 | |
"print (quad(2.0, 2, a=2))"
|
|
319 |
"print(quad(2.0, 2, a=2))"
|
| 320 | 320 |
]
|
| 321 | 321 |
},
|
| 322 | 322 |
{
|
|
| 354 | 354 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 355 | 355 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 356 | 356 |
"source": [
|
| 357 | |
"print (add(1, 2, 3, 4))\n",
|
| 358 | |
"print (add(1, 2))\n"
|
|
357 |
"print(add(1, 2, 3, 4))\n",
|
|
358 |
"print(add(1, 2))\n"
|
| 359 | 359 |
]
|
| 360 | 360 |
},
|
| 361 | 361 |
{
|
|
| 374 | 374 |
"def add(x, **kwargs):\n",
|
| 375 | 375 |
" total = x\n",
|
| 376 | 376 |
" for arg, value in kwargs.items():\n",
|
| 377 | |
" print (\"adding %s=%s\"%(arg,value))\n",
|
|
377 |
" print(\"adding %s=%s\"%(arg,value))\n",
|
| 378 | 378 |
" total += value\n",
|
| 379 | 379 |
" return total\n"
|
| 380 | 380 |
]
|
|
| 392 | 392 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 393 | 393 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 394 | 394 |
"source": [
|
| 395 | |
"print (add(10, y=11, z=12, w=13))"
|
|
395 |
"print(add(10, y=11, z=12, w=13))"
|
| 396 | 396 |
]
|
| 397 | 397 |
},
|
| 398 | 398 |
{
|
|
| 409 | 409 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 410 | 410 |
"source": [
|
| 411 | 411 |
"def foo(*args, **kwargs):\n",
|
| 412 | |
" print (args, kwargs)\n",
|
|
412 |
" print(args, kwargs)\n",
|
| 413 | 413 |
"\n",
|
| 414 | 414 |
"foo(2, 3, x='bar', z=10)\n"
|
| 415 | 415 |
]
|
|
| 487 | 487 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 488 | 488 |
"source": [
|
| 489 | 489 |
"a, b, c = [1, 2, 3]\n",
|
| 490 | |
"print (a, b, c)"
|
|
490 |
"print(a, b, c)"
|
| 491 | 491 |
]
|
| 492 | 492 |
},
|
| 493 | 493 |
{
|
|
| 587 | 587 |
"\n",
|
| 588 | 588 |
"a = (10, 6, 7)\n",
|
| 589 | 589 |
"b = [2, 5, 3]\n",
|
| 590 | |
"print (list(map(divid,a,b)))"
|
|
590 |
"print(list(map(divid,a,b)))"
|
| 591 | 591 |
]
|
| 592 | 592 |
},
|
| 593 | 593 |
{
|
|
| 632 | 632 |
" return tot\n",
|
| 633 | 633 |
"\n",
|
| 634 | 634 |
"w = [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",
|
| 635 | |
"print (sum(w), PI)\n",
|
|
635 |
"print(sum(w), PI)\n",
|
| 636 | 636 |
"\n"
|
| 637 | 637 |
]
|
| 638 | 638 |
},
|
|
| 696 | 696 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 697 | 697 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 698 | 698 |
"source": [
|
| 699 | |
"print (ex1.PI)"
|
|
699 |
"print(ex1.PI)"
|
| 700 | 700 |
]
|
| 701 | 701 |
},
|
| 702 | 702 |
{
|
|
| 706 | 706 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 707 | 707 |
"source": [
|
| 708 | 708 |
"ex1.PI = 3.141592653\n",
|
| 709 | |
"print (ex1.PI)"
|
|
709 |
"print(ex1.PI)"
|
| 710 | 710 |
]
|
| 711 | 711 |
},
|
| 712 | 712 |
{
|
|
| 726 | 726 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 727 | 727 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 728 | 728 |
"source": [
|
| 729 | |
"print (ex1.sum([2, 3, 4]))"
|
|
729 |
"print(ex1.sum([2, 3, 4]))"
|
| 730 | 730 |
]
|
| 731 | 731 |
},
|
| 732 | 732 |
{
|
|
| 818 | 818 |
"def test():\n",
|
| 819 | 819 |
" w = [0,1,2,3]\n",
|
| 820 | 820 |
" assert(sum(w) == 6)\n",
|
| 821 | |
" print ('test passed.')\n",
|
|
821 |
" print('test passed.')\n",
|
| 822 | 822 |
"\n",
|
| 823 | 823 |
"if __name__ == '__main__':\n",
|
| 824 | 824 |
" test()\n"
|
|
| 1013 | 1013 |
" break\n",
|
| 1014 | 1014 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1015 | 1015 |
" y = math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1016 | |
" print (\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1016 |
" print(\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1017 | 1017 |
"```\n",
|
| 1018 | 1018 |
"\n",
|
| 1019 | 1019 |
"这段代码接收命令行的输入,当输入为数字时,计算它的对数并输出,直到输入值为 `q` 为止。\n",
|
|
| 1035 | 1035 |
" break\n",
|
| 1036 | 1036 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1037 | 1037 |
" y = math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1038 | |
" print (\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n"
|
|
1038 |
" print(\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n"
|
| 1039 | 1039 |
]
|
| 1040 | 1040 |
},
|
| 1041 | 1041 |
{
|
|
| 1062 | 1062 |
" break\n",
|
| 1063 | 1063 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1064 | 1064 |
" y = math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1065 | |
" print \"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y)\n",
|
|
1065 |
" print(\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1066 | 1066 |
" except ValueError:\n",
|
| 1067 | |
" print (\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
|
1067 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
| 1068 | 1068 |
"```"
|
| 1069 | 1069 |
]
|
| 1070 | 1070 |
},
|
|
| 1092 | 1092 |
" break\n",
|
| 1093 | 1093 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1094 | 1094 |
" y = math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1095 | |
" print (\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1095 |
" print(\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1096 | 1096 |
" except ValueError:\n",
|
| 1097 | |
" print (\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n"
|
|
1097 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n"
|
| 1098 | 1098 |
]
|
| 1099 | 1099 |
},
|
| 1100 | 1100 |
{
|
|
| 1118 | 1118 |
" break\n",
|
| 1119 | 1119 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1120 | 1120 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1121 | |
" print \"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y)\n",
|
|
1121 |
" print(\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1122 | 1122 |
" except ValueError:\n",
|
| 1123 | |
" print \"the value must be greater than 0\"\n",
|
|
1123 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
| 1124 | 1124 |
"```\n",
|
| 1125 | 1125 |
"\n",
|
| 1126 | 1126 |
"假设我们将这里的 `y` 更改为 `1 / math.log10(x)`,此时输入 `1`:"
|
|
| 1141 | 1141 |
" break\n",
|
| 1142 | 1142 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1143 | 1143 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1144 | |
" print (\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1144 |
" print(\"log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1145 | 1145 |
" except ValueError:\n",
|
| 1146 | |
" print (\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n"
|
|
1146 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n"
|
| 1147 | 1147 |
]
|
| 1148 | 1148 |
},
|
| 1149 | 1149 |
{
|
|
| 1177 | 1177 |
" break\n",
|
| 1178 | 1178 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1179 | 1179 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1180 | |
" print (\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1180 |
" print(\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1181 | 1181 |
" except Exception:\n",
|
| 1182 | |
" print (\"invalid value\")\n"
|
|
1182 |
" print(\"invalid value\")\n"
|
| 1183 | 1183 |
]
|
| 1184 | 1184 |
},
|
| 1185 | 1185 |
{
|
|
| 1206 | 1206 |
" break\n",
|
| 1207 | 1207 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1208 | 1208 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1209 | |
" print (\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1209 |
" print(\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1210 | 1210 |
" except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):\n",
|
| 1211 | |
" print (\"invalid value\")\n"
|
|
1211 |
" print(\"invalid value\")\n"
|
| 1212 | 1212 |
]
|
| 1213 | 1213 |
},
|
| 1214 | 1214 |
{
|
|
| 1233 | 1233 |
" break\n",
|
| 1234 | 1234 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1235 | 1235 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1236 | |
" print (\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1236 |
" print(\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1237 | 1237 |
" except ValueError:\n",
|
| 1238 | |
" print (\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
|
1238 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
| 1239 | 1239 |
" except ZeroDivisionError:\n",
|
| 1240 | |
" print (\"the value must not be 1\")\n"
|
|
1240 |
" print(\"the value must not be 1\")\n"
|
| 1241 | 1241 |
]
|
| 1242 | 1242 |
},
|
| 1243 | 1243 |
{
|
|
| 1262 | 1262 |
" break\n",
|
| 1263 | 1263 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1264 | 1264 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1265 | |
" print (\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1265 |
" print(\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1266 | 1266 |
" except ValueError:\n",
|
| 1267 | |
" print (\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
|
1267 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
| 1268 | 1268 |
" except ZeroDivisionError:\n",
|
| 1269 | |
" print (\"the value must not be 1\")\n",
|
|
1269 |
" print(\"the value must not be 1\")\n",
|
| 1270 | 1270 |
" except Exception:\n",
|
| 1271 | |
" print (\"unexpected error\")\n"
|
|
1271 |
" print(\"unexpected error\")\n"
|
| 1272 | 1272 |
]
|
| 1273 | 1273 |
},
|
| 1274 | 1274 |
{
|
|
| 1302 | 1302 |
" break\n",
|
| 1303 | 1303 |
" x = float(text)\n",
|
| 1304 | 1304 |
" y = 1 / math.log10(x)\n",
|
| 1305 | |
" print (\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
|
1305 |
" print(\"1 / log10({0}) = {1}\".format(x, y))\n",
|
| 1306 | 1306 |
" except ValueError as exc:\n",
|
| 1307 | 1307 |
" if exc.message == \"math domain error\":\n",
|
| 1308 | |
" print (\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
|
1308 |
" print(\"the value must be greater than 0\")\n",
|
| 1309 | 1309 |
" else:\n",
|
| 1310 | |
" print (\"could not convert '%s' to float\" % text)\n",
|
|
1310 |
" print(\"could not convert '%s' to float\" % text)\n",
|
| 1311 | 1311 |
" except ZeroDivisionError:\n",
|
| 1312 | |
" print (\"the value must not be 1\")\n",
|
|
1312 |
" print(\"the value must not be 1\")\n",
|
| 1313 | 1313 |
" except Exception as exc:\n",
|
| 1314 | |
" print (\"unexpected error:\", exc.message)\n"
|
|
1314 |
" print(\"unexpected error:\", exc.message)\n"
|
| 1315 | 1315 |
]
|
| 1316 | 1316 |
},
|
| 1317 | 1317 |
{
|
|
| 1358 | 1358 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1359 | 1359 |
"source": [
|
| 1360 | 1360 |
"try:\n",
|
| 1361 | |
" print (1)\n",
|
|
1361 |
" print(1)\n",
|
| 1362 | 1362 |
"except:\n",
|
| 1363 | 1363 |
" pass\n",
|
| 1364 | 1364 |
"else:\n",
|
| 1365 | |
" print ('else was called.')"
|
|
1365 |
" print('else was called.')"
|
| 1366 | 1366 |
]
|
| 1367 | 1367 |
},
|
| 1368 | 1368 |
{
|
|
| 1379 | 1379 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1380 | 1380 |
"source": [
|
| 1381 | 1381 |
"try:\n",
|
| 1382 | |
" print (1/0)\n",
|
|
1382 |
" print(1/0)\n",
|
| 1383 | 1383 |
"except ZeroDivisionError:\n",
|
| 1384 | |
" print ('divide by 0.')\n",
|
|
1384 |
" print('divide by 0.')\n",
|
| 1385 | 1385 |
"else:\n",
|
| 1386 | |
" print ('else was called.')"
|
|
1386 |
" print('else was called.')"
|
| 1387 | 1387 |
]
|
| 1388 | 1388 |
},
|
| 1389 | 1389 |
{
|
|
| 1404 | 1404 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1405 | 1405 |
"source": [
|
| 1406 | 1406 |
"try:\n",
|
| 1407 | |
" print (1)\n",
|
|
1407 |
" print(1)\n",
|
| 1408 | 1408 |
"finally:\n",
|
| 1409 | |
" print ('finally was called.')"
|
|
1409 |
" print('finally was called.')"
|
| 1410 | 1410 |
]
|
| 1411 | 1411 |
},
|
| 1412 | 1412 |
{
|
|
| 1423 | 1423 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1424 | 1424 |
"source": [
|
| 1425 | 1425 |
"try:\n",
|
| 1426 | |
" print (1 / 0)\n",
|
|
1426 |
" print(1 / 0)\n",
|
| 1427 | 1427 |
"finally:\n",
|
| 1428 | |
" print ('finally was called.')"
|
|
1428 |
" print('finally was called.')"
|
| 1429 | 1429 |
]
|
| 1430 | 1430 |
},
|
| 1431 | 1431 |
{
|
|
| 1442 | 1442 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1443 | 1443 |
"source": [
|
| 1444 | 1444 |
"try:\n",
|
| 1445 | |
" print (1 / 0)\n",
|
|
1445 |
" print(1 / 0)\n",
|
| 1446 | 1446 |
"except ZeroDivisionError:\n",
|
| 1447 | |
" print ('divide by 0.')\n",
|
|
1447 |
" print('divide by 0.')\n",
|
| 1448 | 1448 |
"finally:\n",
|
| 1449 | |
" print ('finally was called.')\n"
|
|
1449 |
" print('finally was called.')\n"
|
| 1450 | 1450 |
]
|
| 1451 | 1451 |
},
|
| 1452 | 1452 |
{
|
|
| 1594 | 1594 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1595 | 1595 |
"source": [
|
| 1596 | 1596 |
"text = f.read()\n",
|
| 1597 | |
"print (text)"
|
|
1597 |
"print(text)"
|
| 1598 | 1598 |
]
|
| 1599 | 1599 |
},
|
| 1600 | 1600 |
{
|
|
| 1612 | 1612 |
"source": [
|
| 1613 | 1613 |
"f = open('test.txt')\n",
|
| 1614 | 1614 |
"lines = f.readlines()\n",
|
| 1615 | |
"print (lines)\n"
|
|
1615 |
"print(lines)\n"
|
| 1616 | 1616 |
]
|
| 1617 | 1617 |
},
|
| 1618 | 1618 |
{
|
|
| 1646 | 1646 |
"source": [
|
| 1647 | 1647 |
"f = open('test.txt')\n",
|
| 1648 | 1648 |
"for line in f:\n",
|
| 1649 | |
" print (line)\n",
|
|
1649 |
" print(line)\n",
|
| 1650 | 1650 |
"f.close()\n"
|
| 1651 | 1651 |
]
|
| 1652 | 1652 |
},
|
|
| 1705 | 1705 |
"metadata": {},
|
| 1706 | 1706 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1707 | 1707 |
"source": [
|
| 1708 | |
"print (open('myfile.txt').read())"
|
|
1708 |
"print(open('myfile.txt').read())"
|
| 1709 | 1709 |
]
|
| 1710 | 1710 |
},
|
| 1711 | 1711 |
{
|
|
| 1724 | 1724 |
"f = open('myfile.txt', 'w')\n",
|
| 1725 | 1725 |
"f.write('another hello world!')\n",
|
| 1726 | 1726 |
"f.close()\n",
|
| 1727 | |
"print (open('myfile.txt').read())\n"
|
|
1727 |
"print(open('myfile.txt').read())\n"
|
| 1728 | 1728 |
]
|
| 1729 | 1729 |
},
|
| 1730 | 1730 |
{
|
|
| 1743 | 1743 |
"f = open('myfile.txt', 'a')\n",
|
| 1744 | 1744 |
"f.write('... and more')\n",
|
| 1745 | 1745 |
"f.close()\n",
|
| 1746 | |
"print (open('myfile.txt').read())\n"
|
|
1746 |
"print(open('myfile.txt').read())\n"
|
| 1747 | 1747 |
]
|
| 1748 | 1748 |
},
|
| 1749 | 1749 |
{
|
|
| 1764 | 1764 |
"f = open('myfile.txt', 'w+')\n",
|
| 1765 | 1765 |
"f.write('hello world!')\n",
|
| 1766 | 1766 |
"f.seek(6)\n",
|
| 1767 | |
"print (f.read())\n",
|
|
1767 |
"print(f.read())\n",
|
| 1768 | 1768 |
"f.close()\n"
|
| 1769 | 1769 |
]
|
| 1770 | 1770 |
},
|
|
| 1814 | 1814 |
"f = open('newfile.txt','w')\n",
|
| 1815 | 1815 |
"f.write('hello world')\n",
|
| 1816 | 1816 |
"g = open('newfile.txt', 'r')\n",
|
| 1817 | |
"print (repr(g.read()))\n"
|
|
1817 |
"print(repr(g.read()))\n"
|
| 1818 | 1818 |
]
|
| 1819 | 1819 |
},
|
| 1820 | 1820 |
{
|
|
| 1837 | 1837 |
" f.write('hello world: ' + str(i) + '\\n')\n",
|
| 1838 | 1838 |
"\n",
|
| 1839 | 1839 |
"g = open('newfile.txt', 'r')\n",
|
| 1840 | |
"print (g.read())\n",
|
|
1840 |
"print(g.read())\n",
|
| 1841 | 1841 |
"f.close()\n",
|
| 1842 | 1842 |
"g.close()\n"
|
| 1843 | 1843 |
]
|
|
| 1885 | 1885 |
"outputs": [],
|
| 1886 | 1886 |
"source": [
|
| 1887 | 1887 |
"g = open('newfile.txt', 'r')\n",
|
| 1888 | |
"print (g.read())\n",
|
|
1888 |
"print(g.read())\n",
|
| 1889 | 1889 |
"f.close()\n",
|
| 1890 | 1890 |
"g.close()\n"
|
| 1891 | 1891 |
]
|
|
| 2044 | 2044 |
"\n",
|
| 2045 | 2045 |
"# 可以按行迭代数据\n",
|
| 2046 | 2046 |
"for row in r:\n",
|
| 2047 | |
" print (row)\n",
|
|
2047 |
" print(row)\n",
|
| 2048 | 2048 |
"\n",
|
| 2049 | 2049 |
"# 关闭文件\n",
|
| 2050 | 2050 |
"fp.close()\n"
|